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For best results, users are recommended to use the advanced search functions. Search results can also be improved by the use of the the following Boolean search characters:

Wildcard Characters:

Given the prevalence of variant spellings in names, using Wildcard Characters may help.

"?" can be inserted as a variant for any single character.

Thus a search for:

G?wargis  
returns results which contain either "Gewargis" or "Giwargis".

Similarly a search for:

M?r  
returns results which contain either "Mar" or "Mor".

"*" can be inserted as a variant for multiple characters or a truncated word.

Thus a search for:

Dayr*  
returns results for "Dayr" and "Dayro" and more.

Similarly a search for

Ab*  
returns results for "ʿAbdishoʿ" and "ʿAbda" and more.

Note: Because the sources we quote use a variety of transliteration formats, Syriaca.org ignores diacritics and punctuation in searching; for example, use of "ʿ" is not required to find results with this diacritical mark.

Fuzzy Search Character

Appending the character "~" after a word returns results for words that are close but not exact matches.

Thus a search for

Aba~  
returns results which contain "Aba" but also "Abi", "Saba", "Aha", and other words that are "fuzzy" matches for "Aba".

Exact Phrase Searches

To find an exact phrase, it should be enclosed in double quotes.

Thus

"ʿAbdishoʿ I"  
returns only one result with that exact phrase, while several results are found for the words "ʿAbdishoʿ" and "I".

Proximity Characters

To find two or more words which occur within a specified range of each other, one can append the character "~" followed by a number to an "Exact Phrase" search. This allows one to search for two or more words that occur within a specified distance of each other as defined by number of words.

Thus

"Jacob+Bishop"~2  
finds three results in which the words "Jacob" and "Bishop" occur within two words of each other: "Jacob , bishop of Nisibin", "Jacob, bishop of Phesilta", and "Jacob , bishop of ‛Ānah" while a simple search for "Jacob Bishop" returns many more results.

Results: 9
[Review of Avishur, Yitzhaq, A Medieval Translation of the Latter Prophets into Iraqi and Syrian Judaeo-Arabic: The Text of Bodleian Manuscript Hunt. 206 with Introduction and Notes, vol. 1: Isaiah and Jeremiah] Benjamin Hary, "[Review of Avishur, Yitzhaq, A Medieval Translation of the Latter Prophets into Iraqi and Syrian Judaeo-Arabic: The Text of Bodleian Manuscript Hunt. 206 with Introduction and Notes, vol. 1: Isaiah and Jeremiah]."Hebrew Studies vol. 46 (2005)URI: https://biblia-arabica.com/bibl/W4ZZ5EZN
Search Scripture Well: Karaite Exegetes and the Origins of the Jewish Bible Commentary in the Islamic East Daniel Frank, Search Scripture Well: Karaite Exegetes and the Origins of the Jewish Bible Commentary in the Islamic East, Études sur le judaïsme médiéval (Leiden: Brill, 2004)URI: https://biblia-arabica.com/bibl/E89SQS8Q
Studies in Salmon ben Yeruḥam Lawrence Marwick, "Studies in Salmon ben Yeruḥam."The Jewish Quarterly Review, n.s. vol. 34 (1944)URI: https://biblia-arabica.com/bibl/P8XFQS4M
The Fifty-Third Chapter of Isaiah according to the Jewish Interpreters Samuel R. Driver and Adolf Neubauer eds., The Fifty-Third Chapter of Isaiah according to the Jewish Interpreters (New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1969)URI: https://biblia-arabica.com/bibl/XCALY2N8
The Fifty-Third Chapter of Isaiah According to the Jewish Interpreters Samuel R. Driver and Adolf Neubauer eds., The Fifty-Third Chapter of Isaiah According to the Jewish Interpreters (Oxford, London: James Parker and Co., 1876–77)URI: https://biblia-arabica.com/bibl/QEFP6HVN
The Major Prophets in Arabic: The Authorship of Pethiōn Revisited in Light of New Findings Miriam Lindgren Hjälm, "The Major Prophets in Arabic: The Authorship of Pethiōn Revisited in Light of New Findings."Biblia Arabica (Leiden: Brill, 2017/09/04)URI: https://biblia-arabica.com/bibl/NTG5H5DG
The Messiah in Isaiah 53: The Commentaries of Saadia Gaon, Salmon ben Yeruham and Yefet ben Eli on Is 52:13–53:12 Joseph Alobaidi ed., The Messiah in Isaiah 53: The Commentaries of Saadia Gaon, Salmon ben Yeruham and Yefet ben Eli on Is 52:13–53:12, La Bible dans l’histoire: Textes et études (Bern: Peter Lang, 1998)URI: https://biblia-arabica.com/bibl/HNJWVG6K
Three Fragments of Saʿadya Gaon’s Arabic Translation of Isaiah Copied by the Court Scribe Joseph ben Samuel (c. 1181–1209)Amir Ashur, Sivan Nir and Meira Polliack,, "Three Fragments of Saʿadya Gaon’s Arabic Translation of Isaiah Copied by the Court Scribe Joseph ben Samuel (c. 1181–1209)."Biblia Arabica (Leiden: Brill, 2017/09/04)URI: https://biblia-arabica.com/bibl/Z3MJGAKG
פר = رتّ A Non-Moslem Arabic Word Haseeb Shehadeh, "פר = رتّ A Non-Moslem Arabic Word."Studia Orientalia vol. 55 (1984)URI: https://biblia-arabica.com/bibl/SUAVL7P6

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    Search Tips

    For best results, users are recommended to use the advanced search functions. Search results can also be improved by the use of the the following Boolean search characters:

    Wildcard Characters:

    Given the prevalence of variant spellings in names, using Wildcard Characters may help.

    "?" can be inserted as a variant for any single character.

    Thus a search for:

    G?wargis  
    returns results which contain either "Gewargis" or "Giwargis".

    Similarly a search for:

    M?r  
    returns results which contain either "Mar" or "Mor".

    "*" can be inserted as a variant for multiple characters or a truncated word.

    Thus a search for:

    Dayr*  
    returns results for "Dayr" and "Dayro" and more.

    Similarly a search for

    Ab*  
    returns results for "ʿAbdishoʿ" and "ʿAbda" and more.

    Note: Because the sources we quote use a variety of transliteration formats, Syriaca.org ignores diacritics and punctuation in searching; for example, use of "ʿ" is not required to find results with this diacritical mark.

    Fuzzy Search Character

    Appending the character "~" after a word returns results for words that are close but not exact matches.

    Thus a search for

    Aba~  
    returns results which contain "Aba" but also "Abi", "Saba", "Aha", and other words that are "fuzzy" matches for "Aba".

    Exact Phrase Searches

    To find an exact phrase, it should be enclosed in double quotes.

    Thus

    "ʿAbdishoʿ I"  
    returns only one result with that exact phrase, while several results are found for the words "ʿAbdishoʿ" and "I".

    Proximity Characters

    To find two or more words which occur within a specified range of each other, one can append the character "~" followed by a number to an "Exact Phrase" search. This allows one to search for two or more words that occur within a specified distance of each other as defined by number of words.

    Thus

    "Jacob+Bishop"~2  
    finds three results in which the words "Jacob" and "Bishop" occur within two words of each other: "Jacob , bishop of Nisibin", "Jacob, bishop of Phesilta", and "Jacob , bishop of ‛Ānah" while a simple search for "Jacob Bishop" returns many more results.